by Matthew Brown
Hostages and kidnapping victims sometimes end up feeling closest to the people that have terrorized them.
有時人質和綁架受害者最後會對恐嚇他們的人產生心理上的認同。
In 1973, two men robbed a bank in Stockholm, Sweden. For six days, they held four bank employees hostage, keeping them at gunpoint in the vault. After the ordeal was over, many people were surprised by the hostages' reaction. _(1)_
1973 年，兩名男性搶劫位於瑞典斯德哥爾摩的一家銀行。他們在銀行金庫裡用槍挾持 4 名銀行行員做為人質長達 6 天。這起可怕的事件結束後，許多人對人質事後的反應感到詫異。調查員表示這些人質同情銀行搶匪，對於警方反而更顯恐懼。
The incident attracted a lot of media attention, and psychiatrists came up with a term to describe the hostages' feelings. _(2)_ Captives who display this syndrome tend to sympathize with and think highly of their captors. Take the case of a man who was one of the hostages on a flight from Athens, Greece in 1985. The two terrorists threatened the passengers on board with guns, even killing one hostage. _(3)_
The incident attracted a lot of media attention, and psychiatrists came up with a term to describe the hostages' feelings. _(2)_ Captives who display this syndrome tend to sympathize with and think highly of their captors. Take the case of a man who was one of the hostages on a flight from Athens, Greece in 1985. The two terrorists threatened the passengers on board with guns, even killing one hostage. _(3)_
整起事件引發媒體高度關注，精神科醫師則提出一個專門名詞來形容這些人質的感受。斯德哥爾摩症候群是一種發生在俘虜心理上的情感轉移，他們在深受威脅的同時，又感受到俘虜者釋出的善意。表現出這種症候群的俘虜往往會同情和推崇俘虜者。以一名男性人質為例，他在 1985 年搭乘一架從希臘雅典起飛的班機，當時機上有兩名恐怖分子用槍威脅乘客，甚至還殺害一名人質。然而那名男子獲釋後向記者表示，挾持人質的恐怖分子並非壞人，因為他們讓他吃東西、睡覺，也讓他活著見到另一天。
Why does Stockholm Syndrome happen? _(4)_ The theory says that a child forms an emotional attachment to a powerful adult in his or her life, which increases the chance that the adult will protect and care for the child. _(5)_ A Stockholm Syndrome victim mistakes a lack of abuse for an act of kindness. In the heat of the moment, these feelings make sense, and once the situation is over, victims usually have a good chance of getting on with their normal lives.
斯德哥爾摩症候群為何產生？它的發生源自於一種原始的感激之情，正如同嬰兒所經歷的一般。這個理論說明小孩在生活中對有權威的成人產生一種情感上的依戀，這會提高成人保護或照顧小孩的機會。相同的模式也發生在俘虜對俘虜者產生依戀的狀況。斯德哥爾摩症候群的患者錯把沒有虐待當作仁慈的表現。在情緒最激動的當下，這些情感反應是可以理解的；一旦事件結束，受害者通常還是很有機會回歸正常的生活。
(A) Stockholm Syndrome is a psychological shift that happens to captives when they are gravely threatened but are also shown acts of kindness by their captors.
(B) The same may be happening when a captive forms feelings of attachment to their captor.
(C) Investigators said that the hostages sympathized with the bank robbers and were more scared of the police.
(D) It occurs as a result of a primitive feeling of gratitude, just like something an infant would experience.
(E) After being released, however, the man told reporters that the hostage-takers weren't bad people because they let him eat, sleep, and live to see another day.
Why does Stockholm Syndrome happen? _(4)_ The theory says that a child forms an emotional attachment to a powerful adult in his or her life, which increases the chance that the adult will protect and care for the child. _(5)_ A Stockholm Syndrome victim mistakes a lack of abuse for an act of kindness. In the heat of the moment, these feelings make sense, and once the situation is over, victims usually have a good chance of getting on with their normal lives.
斯德哥爾摩症候群為何產生？它的發生源自於一種原始的感激之情，正如同嬰兒所經歷的一般。這個理論說明小孩在生活中對有權威的成人產生一種情感上的依戀，這會提高成人保護或照顧小孩的機會。相同的模式也發生在俘虜對俘虜者產生依戀的狀況。斯德哥爾摩症候群的患者錯把沒有虐待當作仁慈的表現。在情緒最激動的當下，這些情感反應是可以理解的；一旦事件結束，受害者通常還是很有機會回歸正常的生活。
(A) Stockholm Syndrome is a psychological shift that happens to captives when they are gravely threatened but are also shown acts of kindness by their captors.
(B) The same may be happening when a captive forms feelings of attachment to their captor.
(C) Investigators said that the hostages sympathized with the bank robbers and were more scared of the police.
(D) It occurs as a result of a primitive feeling of gratitude, just like something an infant would experience.
(E) After being released, however, the man told reporters that the hostage-takers weren't bad people because they let him eat, sleep, and live to see another day.
| 原來如此 |
1. 第一題空格應選 (C)
理由:
a. 空格前一句提到，這起可怕的事件結束後，許多人對人質事後的反應感到詫異。
b. (C) 選項的句子說，調查員表示這些人質同情銀行搶匪，對於警方反而更顯恐懼，說明讓一般人感到訝異之處，前後語意連貫，故選之。
大補丸:
a. investigator n. 調查員
b. hostage n. 人質
hold sb hostage 挾持某人當作人質
hold + 數字 + hostage(s) 挾持若干名人質
例: The bank robbers held the manager hostage during their getaway.
（在逃亡過程中，那幫銀行搶匪挾持經理當作人質。）
例: The news report said the fired worker was holding five hostages inside the company.
（新聞報導說那名被開除的員工在該公司內挾持了 5 名人質。）
c. sympathize vi. 同情，憐憫
sympathize with... 同情……
例: I really sympathize with the family that lost everything in the fire.
（我很同情那個在火災裡失去一切的家庭。）
d. be scared of... 害怕……
2. 第二題空格應選 (A)
理由:
a. 空格前一句提到，整起事件引發媒體高度關注，精神科醫師則提出一個專門名詞來形容這些人質的感受，推測空格應為該名詞的名稱與其敘述。
b. (A) 選項的句子提到斯德哥爾摩症候群這個名詞和其特徵，符合推測，且語意連貫，故選之。
大補丸:
a. syndrome n. 症候群
b. psychological a. 心理的
c. shift n. 轉移；改變
d. captive n. 俘虜
e. gravely adv. 相當地；嚴重地
例: Jim's mother was gravely ill, but she didn't let him know how serious her condition was.
（吉姆的母親病得很嚴重，但她沒讓他知道自己的病情。）
f. threaten vt. 威脅，脅迫
例: Billy is fed up with being threatened by bullies at school every day.
（比利受夠了每天在學校被惡霸威脅。）
g. captor n. 俘虜（他人）者
3. 第三題空格應選 (E)
理由:
a. 空格前兩句提到一名男性人質在 1985 年搭乘一架從希臘雅典起飛的班機，當時機上發生恐怖分子挾持乘客的情況。
b. (E) 選項的句子則說，該男子獲釋後向記者表示，挾持人質的恐怖分子並非壞人，因為他們讓他吃東西、睡覺，也讓他活著見到另一天，前後語意連貫，故選之。
大補丸:
a. release vt. 釋放
例: Arthur was released from prison after serving a 10-year sentence.
（亞瑟在獄中服刑 10 年後獲釋。）
b. hostage-taker n. 挾持人質者
4. 第四題空格應選 (D)
理由:
a. 空格前一句提出『斯德哥爾摩症候群為何產生？』的問題，推測空格應說明其原因。
b. (D) 選項的句子提到，它的發生源自於一種原始的感激之情，正如同嬰兒所經歷的一般，符合推測，且語意連貫，故選之。
大補丸:
a. primitive a. 原始的；起初的
b. gratitud n. 感謝，感激之情
例: I'd like to express my gratitude for your help.
（我想對你的協助表達感激之情。）
c. infant n. 嬰兒
5. 第五題空格應選 (B)
理由:
a. 空格前一句提到，這個理論說明小孩在生活中對有權威的成人產生一種情感上的依戀，這會提高成人保護或照顧小孩的機會。
b. (B) 選項的句子說，相同的模式也發生在俘虜對俘虜者產生依戀的狀況，前後語意連貫，故選之。
大補丸:
attachment n. 依戀；愛慕
理由:
a. 空格前一句提到，這起可怕的事件結束後，許多人對人質事後的反應感到詫異。
b. (C) 選項的句子說，調查員表示這些人質同情銀行搶匪，對於警方反而更顯恐懼，說明讓一般人感到訝異之處，前後語意連貫，故選之。
大補丸:
a. investigator n. 調查員
b. hostage n. 人質
hold sb hostage 挾持某人當作人質
hold + 數字 + hostage(s) 挾持若干名人質
例: The bank robbers held the manager hostage during their getaway.
（在逃亡過程中，那幫銀行搶匪挾持經理當作人質。）
例: The news report said the fired worker was holding five hostages inside the company.
（新聞報導說那名被開除的員工在該公司內挾持了 5 名人質。）
c. sympathize vi. 同情，憐憫
sympathize with... 同情……
例: I really sympathize with the family that lost everything in the fire.
（我很同情那個在火災裡失去一切的家庭。）
d. be scared of... 害怕……
2. 第二題空格應選 (A)
理由:
a. 空格前一句提到，整起事件引發媒體高度關注，精神科醫師則提出一個專門名詞來形容這些人質的感受，推測空格應為該名詞的名稱與其敘述。
b. (A) 選項的句子提到斯德哥爾摩症候群這個名詞和其特徵，符合推測，且語意連貫，故選之。
大補丸:
a. syndrome n. 症候群
b. psychological a. 心理的
c. shift n. 轉移；改變
d. captive n. 俘虜
e. gravely adv. 相當地；嚴重地
例: Jim's mother was gravely ill, but she didn't let him know how serious her condition was.
（吉姆的母親病得很嚴重，但她沒讓他知道自己的病情。）
f. threaten vt. 威脅，脅迫
例: Billy is fed up with being threatened by bullies at school every day.
（比利受夠了每天在學校被惡霸威脅。）
g. captor n. 俘虜（他人）者
3. 第三題空格應選 (E)
理由:
a. 空格前兩句提到一名男性人質在 1985 年搭乘一架從希臘雅典起飛的班機，當時機上發生恐怖分子挾持乘客的情況。
b. (E) 選項的句子則說，該男子獲釋後向記者表示，挾持人質的恐怖分子並非壞人，因為他們讓他吃東西、睡覺，也讓他活著見到另一天，前後語意連貫，故選之。
大補丸:
a. release vt. 釋放
例: Arthur was released from prison after serving a 10-year sentence.
（亞瑟在獄中服刑 10 年後獲釋。）
b. hostage-taker n. 挾持人質者
4. 第四題空格應選 (D)
理由:
a. 空格前一句提出『斯德哥爾摩症候群為何產生？』的問題，推測空格應說明其原因。
b. (D) 選項的句子提到，它的發生源自於一種原始的感激之情，正如同嬰兒所經歷的一般，符合推測，且語意連貫，故選之。
大補丸:
a. primitive a. 原始的；起初的
b. gratitud n. 感謝，感激之情
例: I'd like to express my gratitude for your help.
（我想對你的協助表達感激之情。）
c. infant n. 嬰兒
5. 第五題空格應選 (B)
理由:
a. 空格前一句提到，這個理論說明小孩在生活中對有權威的成人產生一種情感上的依戀，這會提高成人保護或照顧小孩的機會。
b. (B) 選項的句子說，相同的模式也發生在俘虜對俘虜者產生依戀的狀況，前後語意連貫，故選之。
大補丸:
attachment n. 依戀；愛慕
| 精解字詞片語 |
1. reaction n. 反應（與介詞 to 並用）
例: Beth broke down and burst out crying in reaction to the bad news.
（貝絲聽到那個壞消息時的反應是崩潰和嚎啕大哭。）
2. come up with... 想出∕想到……（點子等）
例: Terry came up with a great place for the company trip.
（泰瑞想到一個公司旅遊的絕佳地點。）
3. think highly of... 推崇∕看重……
例: The critics think highly of the director's debut film.
（評論家很推崇這位導演的首部作品。）
4. on board 在船上∕飛機上∕火車上等
= aboard adv.
例: The plane crashed soon after it took off, killing all passengers on board.
（飛機起飛沒多久便墜毀了，機上乘客全部罹難。）
5. mistake A for B 將 A 誤認為 B
mistake vt. 誤認
三態為：mistake, mistook, mistaken。
例: Katrina mistook Hank's kindness for romantic feelings.
（卡翠娜錯把漢克的親切當成愛情。）
6. abuse n. & vt. 虐待
例: You can't expect to be healthy when you abuse your body by smoking and drinking all the time.
（你老是抽菸又喝酒糟蹋身體，就別想要保持健康。）
7. in the heat of... 在……最激烈的時刻
in the heat of the moment 在情緒最激動的時刻
例: Sherry slapped Nick in the heat of their argument.
（雪莉在他們吵到最凶的時候打了尼克一巴掌。）
8. make sense 有道理，有意義
例: The professor's complex explanation of the math question did not make sense to anyone.
（該教授對這道數學題複雜的解釋讓大家聽得一頭霧水。）
9. get on with... （中斷過後）繼續從事……
例: After taking a 20-minute nap, Lucas got on with his work.
（小睡 20 分鐘後，盧卡斯繼續工作。）
例: Beth broke down and burst out crying in reaction to the bad news.
（貝絲聽到那個壞消息時的反應是崩潰和嚎啕大哭。）
2. come up with... 想出∕想到……（點子等）
例: Terry came up with a great place for the company trip.
（泰瑞想到一個公司旅遊的絕佳地點。）
3. think highly of... 推崇∕看重……
例: The critics think highly of the director's debut film.
（評論家很推崇這位導演的首部作品。）
4. on board 在船上∕飛機上∕火車上等
= aboard adv.
例: The plane crashed soon after it took off, killing all passengers on board.
（飛機起飛沒多久便墜毀了，機上乘客全部罹難。）
5. mistake A for B 將 A 誤認為 B
mistake vt. 誤認
三態為：mistake, mistook, mistaken。
例: Katrina mistook Hank's kindness for romantic feelings.
（卡翠娜錯把漢克的親切當成愛情。）
6. abuse n. & vt. 虐待
例: You can't expect to be healthy when you abuse your body by smoking and drinking all the time.
（你老是抽菸又喝酒糟蹋身體，就別想要保持健康。）
7. in the heat of... 在……最激烈的時刻
in the heat of the moment 在情緒最激動的時刻
例: Sherry slapped Nick in the heat of their argument.
（雪莉在他們吵到最凶的時候打了尼克一巴掌。）
8. make sense 有道理，有意義
例: The professor's complex explanation of the math question did not make sense to anyone.
（該教授對這道數學題複雜的解釋讓大家聽得一頭霧水。）
9. get on with... （中斷過後）繼續從事……
例: After taking a 20-minute nap, Lucas got on with his work.
（小睡 20 分鐘後，盧卡斯繼續工作。）
| 單字小舖 |
employer n. 雇主
2. gunpoint n. 槍口
keep/hold sb at gunpoint 用槍挾持∕威脅某人
3. vault n.（銀行的）金庫；地窖
4. ordeal n. 可怕的經歷；痛苦的折磨
5. media n. 媒體（複數）
medium n. 媒體（單數）
the mass media 大眾傳播媒體
6. psychiatrist n. 精神科醫生
psychiatry n. 精神病學
7. emotional a. 感情上的；情緒上的
emotion n. 情感；情緒
答案： 1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (E) 4. (D) 5. (B)
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